Morning Prayer
Edward the Confessor, King, Westminster, 1066 (White or Green)
Psalms: Psalm 69
King James Version
1 Save me, O God; for the waters are come in unto my soul. 2 I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing: I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me. 3 I am weary of my crying: my throat is dried: mine eyes fail while I wait for my God. 4 They that hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of mine head: they that would destroy me, being mine enemies wrongfully, are mighty: then I restored that which I took not away. 5 O God, thou knowest my foolishness; and my sins are not hid from thee. 6 Let not them that wait on thee, O Lord GOD of hosts, be ashamed for my sake: let not those that seek thee be confounded for my sake, O God of Israel. 7 Because for thy sake I have borne reproach; shame hath covered my face. 8 I am become a stranger unto my brethren, and an alien unto my mother’s children. 9 For the zeal of thine house hath eaten me up; and the reproaches of them that reproached thee are fallen upon me. 10 When I wept, and chastened my soul with fasting, that was to my reproach. 11 I made sackcloth also my garment; and I became a proverb to them. 12 They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards. 13 But as for me, my prayer is unto thee, O LORD, in an acceptable time: O God, in the multitude of thy mercy hear me, in the truth of thy salvation. 14 Deliver me out of the mire, and let me not sink: let me be delivered from them that hate me, and out of the deep waters. 15 Let not the waterflood overflow me, neither let the deep swallow me up, and let not the pit shut her mouth upon me. 16 Hear me, O LORD; for thy lovingkindness is good: turn unto me according to the multitude of thy tender mercies. 17 And hide not thy face from thy servant; for I am in trouble: hear me speedily. 18 Draw nigh unto my soul, and redeem it: deliver me because of mine enemies. 19 Thou hast known my reproach, and my shame, and my dishonour: mine adversaries are all before thee. 20 Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none. 21 They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. 22 Let their table become a snare before them: and that which should have been for their welfare, let it become a trap. 23 Let their eyes be darkened, that they see not; and make their loins continually to shake. 24 Pour out thine indignation upon them, and let thy wrathful anger take hold of them. 25 Let their habitation be desolate; and let none dwell in their tents. 26 For they persecute him whom thou hast smitten; and they talk to the grief of those whom thou hast wounded. 27 Add iniquity unto their iniquity: and let them not come into thy righteousness. 28 Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and not be written with the righteous. 29 But I am poor and sorrowful: let thy salvation, O God, set me up on high. 30 I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him with thanksgiving. 31 This also shall please the LORD better than an ox or bullock that hath horns and hoofs. 32 The humble shall see this, and be glad: and your heart shall live that seek God. 33 For the LORD heareth the poor, and despiseth not his prisoners. 34 Let the heaven and earth praise him, the seas, and every thing that moveth therein. 35 For God will save Zion, and will build the cities of Judah: that they may dwell there, and have it in possession. 36 The seed also of his servants shall inherit it: and they that love his name shall dwell therein.
First Lesson: Zechariah 6:9-end
King James Version
9 And the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, 10 Take of them of the captivity, even of Heldai, of Tobijah, and of Jedaiah, which are come from Babylon, and come thou the same day, and go into the house of Josiah the son of Zephaniah; 11 Then take silver and gold, and make crowns, and set them upon the head of Joshua the son of Josedech, the high priest; 12 And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD: 13 Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both. 14 And the crowns shall be to Helem, and to Tobijah, and to Jedaiah, and to Hen the son of Zephaniah, for a memorial in the temple of the LORD. 15 And they that are far off shall come and build in the temple of the LORD, and ye shall know that the LORD of hosts hath sent me unto you. And this shall come to pass, if ye will diligently obey the voice of the LORD your God.
Second Lesson: 1 Timothy 1:18-2:end
King James Version
18 This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a good warfare; 19 Holding faith, and a good conscience; which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck: 20 Of whom is Hymenaeus and Alexander; whom I have delivered unto Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme. 1 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; 2 For kings, and for all that are in authority; that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. 3 For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour; 4 Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth. 5 For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; 6 Who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time. 7 Whereunto I am ordained a preacher, and an apostle, (I speak the truth in Christ, and lie not;) a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and verity. 8 I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting. 9 In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with broided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; 10 But (which becometh women professing godliness) with good works. 11 Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. 12 But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. 13 For Adam was first formed, then Eve. 14 And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression. 15 Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing, if they continue in faith and charity and holiness with sobriety.
Reflection
The readings appointed for Edward the Confessor place before us a question which is easily forgotten: what is a king for? The world commonly answers, “To command, to conquer, and to preserve his own power.” Holy Scripture gives a different answer. Authority is a trust received under God, and the ruler himself must learn obedience to the true King.
In Zechariah, the crowns are placed upon the head of Joshua the high priest. It is an extraordinary sign, for priesthood and kingship are brought together in one figure. Yet the prophecy reaches beyond Joshua: “Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH.” He shall build the temple of the Lord, bear the glory, and sit upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne. The final fulfilment is not found in any earthly monarch, however devout, but in Jesus Christ, our one Mediator, who is both King and Priest.
That matters greatly on a day when we remember a Christian king. Edward’s crown, like every crown, was temporary. Christ’s crown is eternal. Edward, like every Christian, stood beneath the judgement of God and needed the mercy of Christ. The proper honour paid to a Christian ruler is therefore not to pretend that he was more than human, but to give thanks that God can use human authority in the service of peace, justice, and godliness.
This is precisely the burden of Saint Paul’s exhortation: “supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; for kings, and for all that are in authority.” We pray for rulers not because rulers are always wise or virtuous, but because they are accountable to God and because their decisions affect the common life of all. We ask that we may lead “a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty.” That is no small blessing. A quiet life is not a meaningless life. It is a life in which families may be faithful, the Church may worship, the poor may be protected, and ordinary duties may be performed without fear.
But Saint Paul does not leave us merely with the hope of good government. He directs our eyes to the heart of the Gospel: “There is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; who gave himself a ransom for all.” The true foundation of peace is not political skill, nor national strength, nor the reputation of a monarch. It is the self-offering of the Son of God. All earthly authority is secondary and provisional. Christ alone reconciles sinners to the Father.
Psalm 69 gives us the language of those who are sinking: “I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing.” It is the prayer of the persecuted and the penitent. The singer confesses, “O God, thou knowest my foolishness; and my sins are not hid from thee.” This is not the voice of a self-sufficient ruler, but of a servant who knows that God alone can save. The psalm leads us finally to praise: “I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him with thanksgiving.”
That movement—from distress, through confession, to thanksgiving—is the proper movement of Christian life. It is also the proper shape of Christian public service. Timothy is charged to “war a good warfare,” holding faith and a good conscience. The warfare is not a struggle for personal glory, but steadfastness in the truth. A conscience cast aside makes shipwreck of faith. Whether our sphere is large or small, we are called to serve Christ with integrity, prayer, and perseverance.
Edward’s commemoration therefore directs us beyond Edward to the Lord whom he, with all faithful Christians, was bound to obey. Let us pray for those who rule, give thanks for every blessing of ordered peace, and examine our own consciences before God. The Church’s true temple-builder and eternal King is Christ. Under his gracious rule, our service is not wasted, our prayers are not unheard, and our hope rests secure.
Evening Prayer
Edward the Confessor, King, Westminster, 1066 (White or Green)
Psalms: Psalm 71
King James Version
1 In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust: let me never be put to confusion. 2 Deliver me in thy righteousness, and cause me to escape: incline thine ear unto me, and save me. 3 Be thou my strong habitation, whereunto I may continually resort: thou hast given commandment to save me; for thou art my rock and my fortress. 4 Deliver me, O my God, out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous and cruel man. 5 For thou art my hope, O Lord GOD: thou art my trust from my youth. 6 By thee have I been holden up from the womb: thou art he that took me out of my mother’s bowels: my praise shall be continually of thee. 7 I am as a wonder unto many; but thou art my strong refuge. 8 Let my mouth be filled with thy praise and with thy honour all the day. 9 Cast me not off in the time of old age; forsake me not when my strength faileth. 10 For mine enemies speak against me; and they that lay wait for my soul take counsel together, 11 Saying, God hath forsaken him: persecute and take him; for there is none to deliver him. 12 O God, be not far from me: O my God, make haste for my help. 13 Let them be confounded and consumed that are adversaries to my soul; let them be covered with reproach and dishonour that seek my hurt. 14 But I will hope continually, and will yet praise thee more and more. 15 My mouth shall shew forth thy righteousness and thy salvation all the day; for I know not the numbers thereof. 16 I will go in the strength of the Lord GOD: I will make mention of thy righteousness, even of thine only. 17 O God, thou hast taught me from my youth: and hitherto have I declared thy wondrous works. 18 Now also when I am old and greyheaded, O God, forsake me not; until I have shewed thy strength unto this generation, and thy power to every one that is to come. 19 Thy righteousness also, O God, is very high, who hast done great things: O God, who is like unto thee! 20 Thou, which hast shewed me great and sore troubles, shalt quicken me again, and shalt bring me up again from the depths of the earth. 21 Thou shalt increase my greatness, and comfort me on every side. 22 I will also praise thee with the psaltery, even thy truth, O my God: unto thee will I sing with the harp, O thou Holy One of Israel. 23 My lips shall greatly rejoice when I sing unto thee; and my soul, which thou hast redeemed. 24 My tongue also shall talk of thy righteousness all the day long: for they are confounded, for they are brought unto shame, that seek my hurt.
First Lesson: Zechariah 7
King James Version
1 And it came to pass in the fourth year of king Darius, that the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah in the fourth day of the ninth month, even in Chisleu; 2 When they had sent unto the house of God Sherezer and Regem-melech, and their men, to pray before the LORD, 3 And to speak unto the priests which were in the house of the LORD of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, Should I weep in the fifth month, separating myself, as I have done these so many years? 4 Then came the word of the LORD of hosts unto me, saying, 5 Speak unto all the people of the land, and to the priests, saying, When ye fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh month, even those seventy years, did ye at all fast unto me, even to me? 6 And when ye did eat, and when ye did drink, did not ye eat for yourselves, and drink for yourselves? 7 Should ye not hear the words which the LORD hath cried by the former prophets, when Jerusalem was inhabited and in prosperity, and the cities thereof round about her, when men inhabited the south and the plain? 8 And the word of the LORD came unto Zechariah, saying, 9 Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother: 10 And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart. 11 But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their ears, that they should not hear. 12 Yea, they made their hearts as an adamant stone, lest they should hear the law, and the words which the LORD of hosts hath sent in his spirit by the former prophets: therefore came a great wrath from the LORD of hosts. 13 Therefore it is come to pass, that as he cried, and they would not hear; so they cried, and I would not hear, saith the LORD of hosts: 14 But I scattered them with a whirlwind among all the nations whom they knew not. Thus the land was desolate after them, that no man passed through nor returned: for they laid the pleasant land desolate.
Second Lesson: Hebrews 7
King James Version
1 For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him; 2 To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace; 3 Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually. 4 Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils. 5 And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham: 6 But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises. 7 And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better. 8 And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed that he liveth. 9 And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham. 10 For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met him. 11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron? 12 For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law. 13 For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar. 14 For it is evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood. 15 And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest, 16 Who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life. 17 For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec. 18 For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof. 19 For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God. 20 And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest: 21 (For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:) 22 By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament. 23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death: 24 But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. 25 Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them. 26 For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; 27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people’s: for this he did once, when he offered up himself. 28 For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.
Reflection
The appointed readings draw our eyes away from every passing human authority to the one King and Priest whose life does not pass away. That is a fitting word on the commemoration of Edward the Confessor, King of Westminster. Edward wore a crown, but no earthly crown can save its wearer. Every king, every priest, every servant of God stands in need of the everlasting ministry of Christ.
The writer to the Hebrews makes the contrast plain. The priests of the old covenant were many because death prevented them from continuing. Their ministry was real, appointed by God, and full of meaning; yet it could not bring perfection. The priests themselves were sinners, and their sacrifices had to be offered again and again. But Christ has “an unchangeable priesthood”. He does not retire, weaken, or die. He “ever liveth to make intercession” for those who come unto God by him.
Here is the Christian’s comfort: our hope does not rest upon the constancy of our own devotion. We are often changeable; Christ is not. Our prayers may be distracted, our repentance incomplete, and our faith feeble. Yet the Son of God, holy and undefiled, has offered himself once for all, and now presents before the Father the finished work of his cross. He is not merely a priest who once acted in the past. He is the living Priest who now brings us safely to God.
That truth also teaches us what worship really is. The people in Zechariah’s day asked whether they should continue their fasts. Their question sounded religious, but the Lord exposed the danger beneath it: “did ye at all fast unto me, even to me?” They had performed acts of religion, but had failed to hear the word of God. Their worship had become turned in upon themselves.
The Lord therefore calls them to something more searching than outward observance: “Execute true judgment, and shew mercy and compassions every man to his brother.” The widow, the fatherless, the stranger, and the poor were not to be neglected. True worship cannot be separated from obedience. We do not purchase God’s favour by our works; Christ alone is our surety and our salvation. But those who draw near to God through Christ are changed into a people who hear his word and practise mercy.
So the question is not simply whether we have kept religious habits, though faithful habits are precious. The question is whether our worship has brought us nearer to the character of our High Priest. Have we become more truthful in our dealings, more compassionate towards those in need, more ready to forgive, and less eager to imagine evil against our brother? Or have we stopped our ears while preserving the appearance of devotion?
Psalm 71 gives us the proper answer. “In thee, O LORD, do I put my trust.” The psalmist knows trouble, opposition, weakness, and old age. He does not pretend that the faithful life is free from these things. But he confesses that God is his “strong habitation”, his refuge from youth to old age. And because God has upheld him, he will declare God’s righteousness to the generation to come.
That is also the right measure of any Christian ruler and of every Christian life. Edward’s earthly reign, like every earthly reign, belonged to a passing age. But the Church does not finally rest upon the virtue of a king, the reputation of a priest, or the strength of any generation. The Church rests upon Jesus Christ, the Priest who lives for ever, the King of righteousness and the King of peace.
Therefore let us come to God with confidence—not confidence in ourselves, but in Christ’s unchangeable priesthood. Let our prayers be sincere, our repentance honest, and our worship fruitful in mercy. And when our strength fails, let us remember that our Saviour’s strength does not fail. He is able to save “to the uttermost” all who come unto God by him.